Pattern guide

Subtraction Questions

Subtraction patterns are addition in reverse: a third cell carries only the elements present in one parent and not the other. They are common on dot, line, and group-counting questions.

What this pattern means

A row or column resolves to 'what is in the first cell minus what is in the second cell.' Elements present in both parents cancel; elements present only in the first carry through. The solver must identify which cell is the minuend (kept) and which is the subtrahend (removed).

How to spot it

  • Row 2 cells are clearly sparser than rows 0 and 1.
  • Elements visible in both row-0 and row-1 cells consistently disappear from row 2.
  • Elements visible in only one parent consistently survive.

Common visual signals

  • Line- or dot-based questions where the bottom row drops elements.
  • Group-counting questions where row 2 has fewer objects per category.
  • A 'cancellation' feel: shared elements cancel, exclusive elements remain.

Step-by-step solving tactic

  1. 1List the elements in row-0 and row-1 cells of the column you're solving.
  2. 2Remove any element that appears in both.
  3. 3The remainder is the row-2 cell. Match it against the four options.
  4. 4If the result is empty or near-empty, double-check that addition (not subtraction) was not the intended rule.

Common traps

  • Confusing subtraction with XOR — XOR also cancels shared elements but applies symmetrically.
  • Subtracting in the wrong direction — row 1 minus row 0, not the other way.
  • Missing partial categories — sometimes only one of several categories subtracts.

Related patterns

Apply this pattern under timed conditions

Take the free 10-question matrix reasoning practice test — every question carries the subtraction pattern or another commonly tested mechanic.

Free test · 10 questions