Format
The test format
The standard format is a 3×3 grid (nine cells) with the bottom-right cell removed. Four answer options are provided. You must identify the rule or rules governing the pattern in the grid and select the option that fits.
Some assessments use 2×2 or 4×4 grids for easier and harder questions respectively. The time allowed varies by provider — SHL typically allows around 25 minutes for 30 questions, while McKinsey's Problem Solving Game integrates matrix-type reasoning into a broader task format.
Why it's used
Why employers use matrix reasoning tests
Matrix reasoning tests are used because they measure fluid intelligence — the capacity to reason, adapt, and solve novel problems — rather than learned knowledge. This makes them a strong predictor of job performance across industries, independent of education or background.
Major employers and assessment providers including SHL, Korn Ferry, Revelian, Criteria, Cut-e, McKinsey, and BCG include abstract reasoning in their candidate screening process.
Pattern types
Common pattern types
Every matrix question is governed by one or more pattern rules. The ten most common pattern types are:
- Rotation
- Symmetry
- Shape progression
- Positional movement
- Alternating logic
- Frequency count
- Multi-rule
- Addition and removal
- Directional change
- Nested logic
Terminology
Matrix reasoning vs. abstract reasoning
The terms are often used interchangeably. Strictly speaking, abstract reasoning is the broader category — it includes any visual reasoning task. Matrix reasoning refers specifically to the grid-completion format. Most abstract reasoning tests use the matrix format.
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